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SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO

PHÚ THỌ

(Đề thi có 06 trang)

KỲ THI KHẢO SÁT CHẤT LƯỢNG HỌC SINH LỚP 12

THPT (ĐỢT 2) NĂM HỌC 2025-2026

Đề thi: TIẾNG ANH

Thời gian làm bài: 50 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề

Họ và tên: ………………………………………….. Số báo danh: ……………… Mã đề 1131

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to

each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available

hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to

"AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are

now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can

now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units

(GPUs)—originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now?

The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search

engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer.

According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in

absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right

time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA)

projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the

U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but

occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes

that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations

rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Question 1.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor that contributed to AI’s

slow progress in the 20th century?

A. Limited memory capacity

B. Absence of skilled AI engineers and scientists

C. Insufficient processing speed

D. Lack of research funding after stalled progress

Question 2.

The word stalled in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____?

A. accelerated

B. frozen

C. prevented

D. paused

Question 3.

In paragraph 2, the phrase this shift refers to ____?

A. the change from AI training occasionally to AI operating continuously across multiple applications

B. the move from running AI computations on local machines to large-scale cloud data centers

C. the development of more powerful GPU chips by companies such as Nvidia and AMD for AI use

D. the transition from AI being used for research to being used commercially

Question 4.

The word bottleneck as used in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____?

A. resource

B. barrier

C. component

D. advantage

Question 5.

Which of the following BEST paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

A. AI data centers should move to energy-surplus regions to resolve the power shortage crisis.

B. The world currently does not generate sufficient electricity to meet the growing demands of modern AI

systems.

C. The challenge is not the global energy supply, but ensuring stable power is available where and when

AI systems require it.

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D. Energy companies have not made sufficient investments in the infrastructure required to adequately

support global AI growth.

Question 6.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A. The IEA projects data center electricity use will more than double by the end of the decade.

B. Training large AI models is currently the fastest-growing source of AI energy consumption.

C. Reasoning AI systems increase energy use during everyday operations rather than only during training.

D. GPUs were originally developed for gaming and visualization before being used in AI.

Question 7.

In which paragraph does the author explain how GPUs, though originally designed for gaming,

became central to AI processing?

A. Paragraph 4

B. Paragraph 1

C. Paragraph 3

D. Paragraph 2

Question 8.

Which paragraph mentions the everyday operations of newer "reasoning" systems responding to

users?

A. Paragraph 4

B. Paragraph 3

C. Paragraph 1

D. Paragraph 2

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to

each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more

misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to

screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving

their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually

frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master

tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of

deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle.

Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through

generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid;

younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and

corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where

consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating

generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades.

Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of

change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the

young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and

perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review

culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the

preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring

programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal

modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between

generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians

to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities

remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require

organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine

willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the

full range of human experience across age.

Question 9.

According to paragraph 1, framing the generation gap purely as a consequence of technological

acceleration will _____.

A. prevent any genuine exploration of the deeper value and priority differences separating both sides

B. prove financially costly for families attempting to close the technological divide at home

C. widen the existing digital competence gap between older and younger generations significantly

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D. inspire both older and younger generations to invest greater effort in mastering unfamiliar tools

Question 10.

The word intractable in paragraph 2 mostly means _____.

A. constant

B. evolving

C. outdated

D. insignificant

Question 11.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. Social media platforms have become the primary arena in which generational stereotypes are produced,

circulated, and eventually dismantled.

B. Generational stereotypes have spread beyond private settings into media and institutions where

consequential decisions are made.

C. Corporate diversity reports have successfully reduced generational tension in workplaces by

representing the perspectives of both employers and employees fairly.

D. Digital communication has made it easier for members of different generations to identify common

ground and bridge inherited cultural divisions.

Question 12.

What does the passage suggest about employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled?

A. They are equally susceptible to generational bias, failing to recognise their own resistance to change.

B. They are products of a formal education system that never adequately prepared them for managing a

multi-generational workforce.

C. They are largely correct in their assessments, as younger workers consistently fail to demonstrate

adequate commitment to organisational goals.

D. They are typically overruled by HR departments that enforce strict equity policies across all

generational cohorts.

Question 13.

What challenge do younger workers face in professional environments, according to paragraph

3?

A. A systematic exclusion from senior promotional pathways regardless of demonstrated performance

B. A widespread tendency among peers of the same generation to undermine one another's efforts

C. An unequal expectation that they must be the ones to adjust their behaviour to fit existing norms

D. A legal framework that actively prevents them from challenging outdated professional standards

Question 14.

The word their in paragraph 3 refers to _____.

A. researchers

B. opportunities

C. generations

D. the young

Question 15.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Generational harmony is impossible unless both sides adopt the same communication technology as a

shared platform for dialogue.

B. Cohesion across generations cannot be achieved unless both sides are genuinely willing to understand

and acknowledge each other's perspective.

C. Since both generations already share common goals, the only remaining barrier to harmony is the

absence of a structured programme to coordinate their efforts.

D. The differences between generations are so fundamental that no institutional intervention, however

well-designed, can realistically overcome them.

Question 16.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Younger and older workers, having recognised their mutual biases, are increasingly collaborating to

reform the professional review systems that disadvantage both groups.

B. HR departments are effectively dismantling intergenerational hierarchies through the consistent and

rigorous application of reverse-mentoring programmes.

C. Organisations play an active role in preserving the conditions that sustain intergenerational division, as

redistributing power would threaten existing institutional structures.

D. The primary responsibility for resolving generational conflict rests with older workers, who hold the

institutional power needed to initiate meaningful structural change.

Question 17.

Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Yet the more consequential divide is not technological but psychological.

A. [IV]

B. [II]

C. [III]

D. [I]

Question 18.

Which of the following best summarises the passage?

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A. The generation gap is a culturally reinforced divide that demands genuine structural reform, not

superficial fixes.

B. Bridging the generation gap requires younger generations to take the initiative in revising their

professional expectations and communication habits to align with established norms.

C. The rise of social media has made the generation gap irreversible, as digital platforms continuously

produce new stereotypes faster than institutions can address the old ones.

D. Intergenerational conflict is predominantly a workplace issue, and its resolution depends entirely on

employers introducing enforceable equity policies in performance review systems.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 24.

Urban gardening has become a powerful movement for city dwellers seeking a deeper connection

(19)_____ nature. Growing food in small spaces — whether on rooftops, balconies, or community plots —

brings both environmental and mental health benefits. (20)_____, it empowers residents to take meaningful

control over what they consume, reducing dependence on long supply chains.

Our neighborhood initiative has recently launched a series of (21)_____ to help beginners get started.

Volunteers provide tools, seeds, and hands-on training every Saturday morning. (22)_____ participant who

completes the four-week programme will receive a certificate of achievement.

Consistent effort is essential if you wish to (23)_____ a thriving garden over the long term. While the

initial setup can feel overwhelming, many growers report that the (24)_____ obstacles of the first season

quickly give way to confidence and creativity.

Question 19.

A. on

B. to

C. from

D. for

Question 20.

A. However

B. Although

C. In addition

D. Therefore

Question 21.

A. gardening practical workshops

B. practical gardening workshops

C. gardening workshops practical

D. workshops practical gardening

Question 22.

A. Many

B. Several

C. All

D. Every

Question 23.

A. establish

B. abandon

C. diminish

D. sustain

Question 24.

A. predictable

B. daunting

C. permanent

D. trivial

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Vietnam’s Cultural Diversity Week 2025

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025 has attracted a record (25)_____ of participating

communities, making it the grandest edition in the event's history. Organizers expect it to be the most

remarkable cultural (26)_____ the nation has ever seen.

The event's organizing committee, (27)_____ by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, has

prepared an exciting lineup of activities, including folk music concerts, traditional craft exhibitions, and

culinary showcases. Indigenous artisans are among the (28)_____ contributors to this year's programme,

offering visitors a rare glimpse into centuries-old traditions.

Spanning from October 15th to October 22nd, the festival features over two hundred performances,

(29)_____ are expected to attract both domestic and international audiences.

Over the past decade, Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week has helped the country (30)_____ its role as

a guardian of Southeast Asia's rich multicultural heritage.

(Adapted from https://www.vietnamculture.vn)

Question 25.

A. volume

B. number

C. amount

D. sum

Question 26.

A. celebrated

B. celebratory

C. celebrate

D. celebration

Question 27.

A. establishing

B. established

C. is establishing

D. has established

Question 28.

A. leading

B. rising

C. advancing

D. heading

Question 29.

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. who

Question 30.

A. take up

B. take in

C. take off

D. take on

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

(31)____ Across both wealthy and developing nations, the growing gap between those who possess

digital skills and those who do not, (32)____ is reshaping access to employment, education, and civic

participation in profound ways. This unequal distribution of technological competence has led policymakers

to question whether existing education systems are adequately equipping all members of society to thrive in

an increasingly automated world.

The consequences of this divide, however, extend well beyond individual career prospects. Large

segments of the population, particularly low-income households and communities in remote areas, (33)_____

rather than being empowered to participate meaningfully in the digital economy. Such structural and

financial barriers often prevent these individuals from developing even the most basic digital competencies

needed for everyday life. (34)____. This growing disadvantage not only widens pre-existing socioeconomic

gaps but also threatens the cohesion of communities that risk being left permanently behind. Bridging this

divide demands sustained public investment in digital infrastructure, affordable access to devices and

connectivity, and (35). Without a coordinated effort across government, industry, and civil society, the digital

revolution risks deepening inequality rather than alleviating it.

Question 31.

A. Many governments have long struggled to bridge the digital divide and address persistent regional

inequalities

B. Tech corporations face growing global scrutiny over the digital divide and access inequalities

C. Leading tech experts argue that the digital divide stems from significant hardware inequalities in

schools

D. The digital divide remains a defining and widespread inequality across contemporary societies

Question 32.

A. all of which place a disproportionate burden on rural schools and young learners

B. which continues to widen despite government pledges to expand broadband coverage

C. where high-tech hubs concentrate the best opportunities in wealthy urban districts

D. this gap is expected to narrow as mobile devices become more widely adopted

Question 33.

A. being systematically excluded from the opportunities that digital literacy unlocks

B. are systematically excluded from the opportunities that digital literacy unlocks

C. local authorities have failed to provide them with adequate internet facilities nearby

D. having been excluded from the opportunities that technology often provides

Question 34.

A. Recent figures reveal rural students are likely to lack a lot of digital skills due to cost and distance

B. Several municipal governments have introduced subsidies to improve digital access in underserved

areas

C. Some volunteer organisations run mobile programmes to bring basic digital training to remote

communities

D. Deteriorating connectivity in rural zones continues to raise serious concerns among non-government

organisations

Question 35.

A. the provision of inclusive digital literacy training and the elimination of barriers to online participation

B. to deliver digital literacy training and the removal of technical barriers to online services

C. because delivering digital literacy training helps remove technical barriers facing rural users

D. the provision of inclusive digital literacy training and to systematically eliminate barriers to online

participation

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or

sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36

to 40.

Question 36.

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a. Mary: That's fine! Enjoy your walk and your workout then.

b. Mary: It's starting to rain. Do you want me to drive you to the train station?

c. Tom: Thanks for the offer, but I have an umbrella and I'd prefer to walk to the gym first.

A. b – a – c

B. b – c – a

C. a – c – b

D. a – b – c

Question 37.

a. Jack: Uh, once you get used to making plans, you can balance everything without stress.

b. Jose: You handle schoolwork well even with all your clubs; what's your secret to being organized?

c. Jack: I plan my week every Sunday and write down my assignments.

d. Jose: That's smart! I often forget what to do because I have many tasks.

e. Jose: I should start doing that! It sounds like a great way to avoid stress.

A. b – c – a – d – e

B. b – d – c – a – e

C. b – c – d – a – e

D. c – b – d – a – e

Question 38.

a. I dedicated a lot of time to organizing my presentation materials, hoping to make a strong impression on

the committee.

b. The situation, however, turned out to be quite different when I met with unexpected technical difficulties

during my speech.

c. This challenging experience was truly a great lesson that helped me build more resilience in my

professional life.

d. Accepting a position as a project coordinator at a leading firm motivated me to develop my leadership

skills further.

e. Rather than losing my confidence, I remained calm and adapted my approach to complete the task

successfully.

A. c – a – e – d – b

B. c – b – e – a – d

C. d – b – e – c – a

D. d – a – b – e – c

Question 39.

Dear Valued Customer,

a. If you do not update your information, it may lead to temporary limits on using your online banking

services.

b. To keep your access working, please update your contact information, especially your mobile number, in

the 'Profile' section before October 15th.

c. We are writing to tell you about an important security improvement to our online banking system, starting

next month.

d. We thank you for your help in keeping the highest level of security for your money transactions.

e. This new part will add two-factor authentication for all logins, greatly increasing the protection of your

accounts.

Yours sincerely,

The Customer Security Team

A. a – c – b – e – d

B. c – b – e – a – d

C. e – c – b – a – d

D. c – e – b – a – d

Question 40.

a. These wide-ranging developments illustrate a profound transformation of the district, turning it from a

declining industrial zone into a prestigious and socially integrated urban core.

b. This transition was further supported by the ecological restoration of the nearby waterfront, marked by the

introduction of long-lasting green corridors and recreational facilities.

c. Historically forgotten sectors were greatly renovated, involving the large-scale demolition of old buildings

for luxury high-rise apartments.

d. Concurrently, a significant expansion of the service sector emerged, most notably through the development

of high-tech innovation hubs and large retail complexes on former industrial sites.

e. Throughout the early 21st century, the outskirts of Aethelgard underwent a major transformation, signaling

a shift toward thorough modernization and renewed economic expansion.

A. e – d – b – a – c

B. e – c – d – b – a

C. e – c – b – a – d

D. e – a – b – d – c

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ĐÁP ÁN THAM KHẢO

Câu

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Đáp án

B

A

A

B

C

B

B

A

A

A

Câu

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Đáp án

B

A

C

D

B

C

D

A

B

C

Câu

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Đáp án

B

D

D

B

B

D

B

A

B

D

Câu

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Đáp án

D

B

B

A

A

B

C

D

D

B

LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT THAM KHẢO

PHẦN 1: Đọc hiểu (Câu 1–8)

Câu 1: B. Absence of skilled AI engineers and scientists

Đoạn văn nêu các nguyên nhân khiến AI phát triển chậm trong thế kỉ 20 là:

• phần cứng chưa đủ mạnh,

• tốc độ xử lí hạn chế,

• bộ nhớ hạn chế,

• tiến bộ bị đình trệ nên nguồn vốn cạn dần.

Không có chỗ nào nói do thiếu kĩ sư hay nhà khoa học AI.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 2: A. accelerated

stalled = đình trệ, chững lại.

Từ trái nghĩa phải là accelerated = tăng tốc.

Các từ còn lại như frozen, prevented, paused đều gần nghĩa dừng lại.

=> Đáp án A

Câu 3: A. the change from AI training occasionally to AI operating continuously across multiple

applications

Cụm This shift nằm ngay sau câu:

“Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously...”

Vậy “shift” là sự chuyển đổi từ việc chỉ huấn luyện thỉnh thoảng sang vận hành liên tục trong nhiều

ứng dụng.

=> Đáp án A

Câu 4: B. barrier

bottleneck trong ngữ cảnh này nghĩa là điểm nghẽn / trở ngại chính.

Trong 4 lựa chọn, barrier là gần nghĩa nhất.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 5: C. The challenge is not the global energy supply, but ensuring stable power is available where

and when AI systems require it.

Câu gạch chân nói:

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• vấn đề cốt lõi không phải là thế giới thiếu năng lượng nói chung,

• mà là nguồn điện ổn định, đáng tin cậy phải có đúng nơi, đúng lúc.

Phương án C diễn đạt đúng ý này nhất.

=> Đáp án C

Câu 6: B. Training large AI models is currently the fastest-growing source of AI energy consumption.

Đề hỏi câu NOT TRUE.

Đoạn 4 nói rất rõ:

• việc huấn luyện mô hình lớn tiêu thụ nhiều điện, nhưng không diễn ra thường xuyên;

• cái tăng nhanh hơn là hoạt động hằng ngày khi mô hình phản hồi người dùng.

Vậy B là sai.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 7: B. Paragraph 1

Thông tin “GPU ban đầu được thiết kế cho game nhưng rất phù hợp với tính toán AI” nằm ở đoạn 1.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 8: A. Paragraph 4

Đoạn 4 nói về:

• công việc hằng ngày của mô hình,

• hệ thống AI “reasoning” mới,

• nhu cầu năng lượng chuyển vào hoạt động thường ngày.

=> Đáp án A

PHẦN 2: Đọc hiểu (Câu 9–18)

Câu 9: A. prevent any genuine exploration of the deeper value and priority differences separating both

sides

Đoạn 1 nói nếu chỉ xem khoảng cách thế hệ là do công nghệ, thì sự khác biệt về:

• giá trị,

• ưu tiên,

• trải nghiệm sống

sẽ bị bỏ qua, không được xem xét thật sự.

=> Đáp án A

Câu 10: A. constant

intractable thường nghĩa là khó giải quyết, nan giải.

Trong 4 phương án, không có từ nào đồng nghĩa hoàn toàn. constant là gần nhất theo sắc thái “dai dẳng, kéo

dài, khó dứt”.

Các phương án còn lại sai hơn:

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• evolving = đang phát triển,

• outdated = lỗi thời,

• insignificant = không quan trọng.

=> Đáp án A

Câu 11: B. Generational stereotypes have spread beyond private settings into media and institutions

where consequential decisions are made.

Đoạn 2 nói:

• mạng xã hội biến mâu thuẫn riêng tư thành “cảnh tượng văn hóa” công khai,

• truyền thông và báo cáo doanh nghiệp khuếch đại định kiến,

• định kiến ấy đi vào phòng họp, lớp học, nơi hoạch định chính sách.

=> Ý khái quát đúng nhất là B.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 12: A. They are equally susceptible to generational bias, failing to recognise their own resistance

to change.

Đoạn 3 nói các nhà tuyển dụng chê người trẻ “entitled” nhưng lại không nhận ra chính họ cũng cứng nhắc

trước thay đổi.

=> Đáp án A

Câu 13: C. An unequal expectation that they must be the ones to adjust their behaviour to fit existing

norms

Đoạn 3 cho biết gánh nặng chứng minh bị đẩy về phía người trẻ:

• họ phải điều chỉnh cách giao tiếp,

• kìm nén kì vọng,

• tỏ ra biết ơn.

Nghĩa là người trẻ bị kì vọng phải thích nghi theo chuẩn sẵn có.

=> Đáp án C

Câu 14: D. the young

Trong câu:

“it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles...”

they / their chỉ the young = người trẻ.

=> Đáp án D

Câu 15: B. Cohesion across generations cannot be achieved unless both sides are genuinely willing to

understand and acknowledge each other's perspective.

Câu gạch chân ví việc mong hai thế hệ hòa hợp mà không lắng nghe nhau như yêu cầu hai nhạc công chơi

hòa hợp khi không ai chịu nghe giai điệu của người kia.

Ý chính là: muốn hòa hợp thì phải thật sự lắng nghe và thấu hiểu nhau.

=> Đáp án B

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Câu 16: C. Organisations play an active role in preserving the conditions that sustain intergenerational

division, as redistributing power would threaten existing institutional structures.

Từ bài đọc có thể suy ra:

• các tổ chức không chỉ đứng ngoài,

• họ duy trì tình trạng chia rẽ,

• vì giải quyết thật sự sẽ đòi hỏi phân phối lại quyền lực, điều này đe dọa cấu trúc hiện có.

=> Đáp án C

Câu 17: D. [I]

Câu cần chèn:

“Yet the more consequential divide is not technological but psychological.”

Phù hợp nhất sau câu mở đầu chung, tức vị trí [I], vì:

• câu trước nói khoảng cách thế hệ bị hiểu sai,

• câu chèn bổ sung: sai ở chỗ vấn đề lớn hơn không phải công nghệ mà là tâm lí,

• rồi mới đến ví dụ bữa ăn gia đình.

=> Đáp án D

Câu 18: A. The generation gap is a culturally reinforced divide that demands genuine structural

reform, not superficial fixes.

Toàn bài nhấn mạnh:

• khoảng cách thế hệ bị truyền thông và thể chế khuếch đại,

• không thể giải quyết bằng biện pháp bề nổi,

• cần cải cách thật sự về quyền lực, đối thoại, công bằng.

=> Đáp án A

PHẦN 3: Điền từ (Câu 19–24)

Câu 19: B. to

Cụm đúng là connection to nature = sự kết nối với thiên nhiên.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 20: C. In addition

Câu trước nói lợi ích môi trường và tinh thần. Câu sau bổ sung thêm một lợi ích nữa: giúp cư dân kiểm soát

thực phẩm họ tiêu thụ.

Vì vậy cần từ nối bổ sung: In addition.

=> Đáp án C

Câu 21: B. practical gardening workshops

Trật tự tính từ đúng trong tiếng Anh là:

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• practical bổ nghĩa cho

• gardening workshops.

Cụm tự nhiên nhất: a series of practical gardening workshops.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 22: D. Every

Câu đầy đủ:

“Every participant who completes the four-week programme will receive...”

Nghĩa: mỗi người tham gia hoàn thành chương trình đều nhận chứng chỉ.

=> Đáp án D

Câu 23: D. sustain

sustain a thriving garden = duy trì một khu vườn phát triển tốt lâu dài.

Các từ khác không hợp nghĩa:

• establish = thiết lập,

• abandon = từ bỏ,

• diminish = làm giảm.

=> Đáp án D

Câu 24: B. daunting

daunting obstacles = những trở ngại đáng ngại, khiến người ta nản.

Rất hợp với ngữ cảnh “giai đoạn đầu có thể gây choáng ngợp”.

=> Đáp án B

PHẦN 4: Điền từ (Câu 25–30)

Câu 25: B. number

Vì “communities” là danh từ đếm được số nhiều nên dùng a record number of.

Không dùng:

• amount of / volume of / sum of trong trường hợp này.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 26: D. celebration

Cấu trúc: the most remarkable cultural celebration = lễ hội / sự kiện văn hóa đáng chú ý nhất.

=> Đáp án D

Câu 27: B. established

Cụm rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:

“The event's organizing committee, established by the Ministry...”

= committee which was established by...

=> Đáp án B

Câu 28: A. leading

leading contributors = những người đóng góp hàng đầu / nổi bật.

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Các từ còn lại không tự nhiên trong ngữ cảnh này.

=> Đáp án A

Câu 29: B. which

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:

“over two hundred performances, which are expected to attract...”

=> Đáp án B

Câu 30: D. take on

take on a role = đảm nhận một vai trò.

Câu này nghĩa: đã giúp đất nước đảm nhận vai trò người gìn giữ di sản đa văn hóa.

=> Đáp án D

PHẦN 5: Điền từ (Câu 31–35)

Câu 31: D. The digital divide remains a defining and widespread inequality across contemporary

societies

Câu mở đầu cần khái quát toàn đoạn.

Phương án D nêu ý chung nhất: khoảng cách số vẫn là một bất bình đẳng lớn và phổ biến trong xã hội hiện

đại.

=> Đáp án D

Câu 32: B. which continues to widen despite government pledges to expand broadband coverage

Câu này là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung cho “the growing gap”.

Phương án B vừa đúng ngữ pháp vừa hợp nghĩa.

Các phương án khác:

• A không khớp với danh từ số ít “gap”,

• C sai cấu trúc,

• D là câu độc lập, không nối được vào đây.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 33: B. are systematically excluded from the opportunities that digital literacy unlocks

Chủ ngữ là Large segments of the population nên cần động từ chia đầy đủ: are systematically excluded.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 34: A. Recent figures reveal rural students are likely to lack a lot of digital skills due to cost and

distance

Đoạn này đang nói về hậu quả tiêu cực của rào cản cấu trúc và tài chính.

A tiếp tục triển khai ý đó bằng ví dụ hợp lí, còn B và C lại nói đến giải pháp tích cực, D không gắn chặt bằng.

=> Đáp án A

Câu 35: A. the provision of inclusive digital literacy training and the elimination of barriers to online

participation

Cần một cụm danh từ song song với:

• sustained public investment in...

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• affordable access to...

• and ...

A giữ được tính song song ngữ pháp hoàn chỉnh.

=> Đáp án A

PHẦN 6: Sắp xếp hội thoại / đoạn văn (Câu 36–40)

Câu 36: B. b – c – a

Trình tự hợp lí:

• b Mary thấy mưa nên đề nghị chở,

• c Tom cảm ơn nhưng từ chối,

• a Mary đáp lại “Được thôi, chúc vui nhé”.

=> Đáp án B

Câu 37: C. b – c – d – a – e

Trình tự đúng:

• b Jose hỏi bí quyết,

• c Jack trả lời mình lập kế hoạch hằng tuần,

• d Jose khen thông minh và nói mình hay quên,

• a Jack khuyên khi quen lên kế hoạch sẽ bớt áp lực,

• e Jose kết luận mình nên bắt đầu làm vậy.

=> Đáp án C

Câu 38: D. d – a – b – e – c

Mạch ý hợp lí:

• d nhận vị trí mới nên muốn phát triển kĩ năng lãnh đạo,

• a chuẩn bị tài liệu thuyết trình rất kĩ,

• b nhưng gặp sự cố kĩ thuật,

• e vẫn bình tĩnh thích ứng và hoàn thành,

• c rút ra bài học lớn về sự kiên cường.

=> Đáp án D

Câu 39: D. c – e – b – a – d

Thứ tự chuẩn của email:

• c thông báo có cải tiến bảo mật,

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• e giải thích cải tiến đó là xác thực hai bước,

• b yêu cầu khách hàng cập nhật thông tin,

• a nêu hậu quả nếu không cập nhật,

• d lời cảm ơn cuối thư.

=> Đáp án D

Câu 40: B. e – c – d – b – a

Trình tự logic nhất:

• e mở đầu khái quát về sự chuyển mình lớn của khu vực,

• c nêu một thay đổi cụ thể: cải tạo các khu bị lãng quên,

• d đồng thời dịch vụ phát triển mạnh trên các khu công nghiệp cũ,

• b quá trình chuyển đổi còn được hỗ trợ bởi phục hồi sinh thái bờ sông,

• a kết luận: tất cả những thay đổi đó đã biến nơi đây thành trung tâm đô thị danh giá, gắn kết xã hội.

=> Đáp án B