Unit 15:

Grammar



The passive/ the causative/ direct and indirect objects

The passive

Form noun + be in the correct form + past participle (+ by/with + noun)

Active

Passive

present simple

They grow bananas in

tropical areas.

am/is/are + past participle

Bananas are grown in tropical areas.

present

continuous

They are redecorating

the café.

am/is/are + -ing +past participle

The café is being redecorated.

present perfect

simple

Has anyone peeled the

carrots?

has/have + been + past participle

Have the carrots been peeled?

past simple

They served the meal in

an elegant dining room.

was/were + past participle

The meal was served in an elegant dining room.

past continuous

We asked for coffee

while they were

preparing the bill.

was/were + -ing + past participle

We asked for coffee while the bill was being

prepared.

past perfect

simple

Someone had eaten all

the food by the time I

got there.

has + been + past participle

All the food had been eaten by the time I got

there.

will future

We will deliver your

pizza in forty minutes.

will + have + been + past participle

Your pizza will be delivered in forty minutes.

be going to future

Overweight customers

are going to sue

Burgerland.

is/are going to + be + past participle

Burgerland is going to be sued by overweight

customers.

future perfect

simple

They will have

harvested all the

grapes by the end of

September

will + have + been + past participle

All the grapes will have been harvested by the

end of September.

modal

You should brush the

chicken breast with oil

and then fry it.

modal+be+past participle

The chicken breast should be brushed with oil

and then fried.

modal+perfect

infinitive

They should have

delivered the groceries

by now.

modal+have+been+past participle

The groceries should have been delivered by

now.

- ing (gerund)

I don’t like people

telling me what to do in

the kitchen.

being+past participle

I don’t like being told what to do in the kitchen.

Use

Example

When we don’t know who does/did

something

My groceries have been stolen!

When it’s obvious who does/did something

A boy was arrested in town yesterday for

stealing an apple.