ĐỀ CHUẨN MINH HỌA
SỐ 20
(Đề thi có 05 trang)
KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG NĂM 2022
Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút không kể thời gian phát đề
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Họ, tên thí sinh:…………………………………………………………………………
Số báo danh:....................................................................................................................
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.
Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for roosting communally are
not always obvious, but there are some likely benefits. In winter especially, it is important for birds to keep
warm at night and conserve precious food reserves. One way to do this is to find a sheltered roost. Solitary
roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity – horned larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan
burrow into snow banks - but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together in the
roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis do. Body contact reduces the surface area
exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets huddling together were found to
reduce their heat losses by a quarter, and three together saved a third of their heat.
The second possible benefit of communal roosts is that they act as “information centers”. During the
day, parties of birds will have spread out to forage over a very large area. When they return in the evening
some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat. Some investigators have observed that when
the birds set out again next morning, those birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear to follow
those that did. The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding behaviors of
similar birds with different roosting habits. The common kestrel hunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar
hunting ground, whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects over a large area. The common
kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly so one bird can learn
from others where to find insect swarms.
Finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will always be a few birds awake at
any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is partially counteracted by the fact that
mass roosts attract predators and are especially vulnerable if they are on the ground. Even those in trees can
be attacked by birds of prey. The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to catch
small birds perching at the margins of the roost.
(Source: Toefl-reading/1298-toefl-readings-2)
Question 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Why some species of birds nest together.
B. How birds find and store food.
C. How birds maintain body heat in the winter.D. Why birds need to establish territory.
Question 2: The word "conserve" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______ .
A. share
B. locate
C. watch
D. retain
Question 3: The author mentions kinglets in paragraph 1 as an example of birds that _______ .
A. protect themselves by nesting in holes
B. usually feed and nest in pairs also
C. nest with other species of birds
D. nest together for warmth
Question 4: The word "communal” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______ .
A. personal
B. sociable
C. individual
D. shared
Question 5: Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. The common kestrel nests in trees; the lesser kestrel nests on the ground.
B. The common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel.
C. The lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diets.
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